Key Insights
The European cooking oil market, valued at €32.99 billion in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by several key factors. Increasing consumer demand for healthier cooking options, particularly olive oil and rapeseed oil known for their health benefits, is a significant driver. The rising popularity of plant-based diets and growing awareness of the nutritional value of different oils further fuels market expansion. Furthermore, the food processing and manufacturing industries rely heavily on cooking oils, contributing significantly to market volume. However, fluctuating crude oil prices and the potential impact of global economic instability pose challenges to sustained growth. Competition among major players like Wilmar International, Cargill, and ADM is intense, leading to strategic initiatives such as product diversification and expansion into new markets. The market segmentation, categorized by oil type (palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, olive, and others) and application (food, feed, industrial), highlights the diversity of applications and consumer preferences influencing market dynamics. Germany, France, Italy, and the UK represent the largest national markets within Europe, benefiting from strong consumer bases and established distribution networks.
Looking ahead to 2033, the European cooking oil market is expected to continue its upward trajectory, though at a more moderate pace than in previous years. The projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.13% indicates a gradual expansion. This growth is likely to be influenced by evolving consumer preferences and the introduction of new, innovative products such as functional cooking oils enriched with vitamins or antioxidants. The industry’s sustainability practices, focusing on environmentally friendly sourcing and production methods, will also play a crucial role in shaping future market trends. However, potential regulatory changes related to food labeling and ingredient sourcing could impact market dynamics. Therefore, sustained growth will depend on the industry's ability to adapt to evolving consumer demands, navigate fluctuating prices, and maintain sustainable practices.
Europe Cooking Oil Industry: A Comprehensive Market Report (2019-2033)
This detailed report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Europe cooking oil industry, offering invaluable insights for industry stakeholders, investors, and strategic decision-makers. The study period covers 2019-2033, with 2025 as the base and estimated year. The forecast period spans 2025-2033, and the historical period encompasses 2019-2024. The report meticulously examines market dynamics, competitive landscapes, and future growth projections, focusing on key segments and leading players like Wilmar International Limited, Cargill Incorporated, Demyaniakov, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Bunge Limited, Avril Group, Louis Dreyfus Company BV, Olam International Limited, Fuji Oil Holding Inc, and EFKO Group. The report projects a xx Million market value by 2033.

Europe Cooking Oil Industry Market Structure & Competitive Dynamics
The European cooking oil market exhibits a moderately concentrated structure, with a few major players holding significant market share. Wilmar International Limited, Cargill Incorporated, and Archer Daniels Midland Company are amongst the leading players, collectively controlling an estimated xx% of the market in 2024. The industry witnesses continuous innovation, driven by consumer demand for healthier oils and sustainable sourcing practices. Regulatory frameworks, including those focused on labeling and food safety, significantly impact market dynamics. Product substitutes, such as alternative fats and oils, pose a moderate threat. End-user trends, such as increasing health consciousness and demand for convenience, shape product development and marketing strategies.
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities play a crucial role in shaping the competitive landscape. In recent years, several significant M&A deals have been witnessed, with deal values totaling xx Million in 2024. These deals primarily focused on expanding geographic reach, enhancing product portfolios, and securing access to raw materials. For example, the consolidation of smaller regional players by larger multinational corporations has led to increased market concentration. The competitive intensity is further heightened by price fluctuations in raw materials and evolving consumer preferences.
Europe Cooking Oil Industry Industry Trends & Insights
The European cooking oil market is characterized by a steady growth trajectory, driven by several key factors. Increasing disposable incomes and changing dietary habits across Europe fuel the demand for cooking oils. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) from 2019 to 2024 is estimated at xx%, indicating substantial growth. Technological advancements in oil extraction and refining processes contribute to improved efficiency and product quality. However, rising health awareness is shifting consumer preferences toward healthier oils, such as olive oil and rapeseed oil, resulting in increased market penetration for these segments. Sustainable and ethically sourced oils are gaining popularity, leading to increased demand for certified products. The ongoing geopolitical uncertainties and supply chain disruptions influence market stability and pricing. Furthermore, the shift towards plant-based diets is further boosting demand for certain cooking oils. The market demonstrates increased demand for organic oils, pushing producers to expand their offerings to meet the rising consumer interest.

Dominant Markets & Segments in Europe Cooking Oil Industry
Within the European cooking oil market, several segments stand out.
By Type: Sunflower oil dominates the market, driven by its affordability and wide usage across various culinary applications. Rapeseed oil, favored for its health benefits, exhibits strong growth. Olive oil, while commanding a premium price, maintains a substantial share, particularly in Southern European countries. The demand for palm oil faces growing pressure due to environmental concerns, impacting its market share.
By Application: The food sector is the primary consumer, representing xx% of the market share. However, the feed and industrial sectors are also significant consumers, with industrial applications showing particularly robust growth.
Key drivers for regional dominance vary. For example, strong agricultural production and favorable government policies contribute to the dominance of sunflower oil in Eastern Europe, while consumer preferences and traditional cooking practices drive olive oil consumption in Southern Europe. Infrastructure plays a crucial role in efficient distribution and supply chain management.
Europe Cooking Oil Industry Product Innovations
Recent innovations in the European cooking oil industry focus on enhancing product quality, health benefits, and sustainability. Technological advancements in oil extraction and refining techniques enable the production of healthier oils with improved flavor profiles. The development of functional oils, enriched with vitamins and antioxidants, caters to the growing health-conscious consumer base. Companies are actively exploring sustainable sourcing and packaging options to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers. This includes increasing the availability of organic and sustainably produced oils and minimizing the environmental footprint of production and packaging.
Report Segmentation & Scope
This report segments the European cooking oil market based on:
Type: Palm oil, Soybean oil, Rapeseed oil, Sunflower oil, Olive oil, Other types (including coconut oil, etc.). Each type exhibits different growth projections based on factors such as consumer preference, health awareness, and environmental concerns. Market sizes are detailed for each type, reflecting its share within the broader European cooking oil market. Competitive dynamics within each type segment are analyzed, highlighting key players and their respective market positions.
Application: Food, Feed, and Industrial applications. The report examines the consumption patterns and growth prospects for each application sector, considering factors such as industrial trends and dietary habits.
Key Drivers of Europe Cooking Oil Industry Growth
The growth of the European cooking oil industry is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, rising disposable incomes and changing dietary habits lead to increased demand for a wider variety of cooking oils. Secondly, the increasing preference for convenience foods and ready-to-eat meals drives demand. Thirdly, technological advancements in oil extraction, refining, and packaging enhance efficiency and product quality. Finally, supportive government policies and infrastructure improvements contribute to the sector's expansion.
Challenges in the Europe Cooking Oil Industry Sector
The European cooking oil industry faces several challenges. Fluctuations in raw material prices, particularly for imported oils, significantly impact profitability. Stringent environmental regulations regarding sustainable sourcing and waste management add operational complexity and costs. Intense competition, both domestically and from international players, necessitates ongoing innovation and efficiency improvements. Supply chain disruptions due to geopolitical events can also create major hurdles. These factors, combined, affect both profitability and the capacity to meet growing demand.
Leading Players in the Europe Cooking Oil Industry Market
- Wilmar International Limited
- Cargill Incorporated
- Demyaniakov
- Archer Daniels Midland Company
- Bunge Limited
- Avril Group
- Louis Dreyfus Company BV
- Olam International Limited
- Fuji Oil Holding Inc
- EFKO Group
Key Developments in Europe Cooking Oil Industry Sector
- 2021 (October): Bunge Loders Croklaan expands its oils and fats portfolio to meet growing organic demand in Europe, offering a wide range of certified organic oils and fats.
- 2021 (December): Archer Daniels Midland Company expands its vegetable oil operations to meet increased green diesel demand, positioning vegetable oils as a key feedstock for renewable fuel production.
Strategic Europe Cooking Oil Industry Market Outlook
The European cooking oil market presents substantial growth potential. Continued expansion in health-conscious consumer segments and increasing demand for sustainable and ethically sourced oils will drive future growth. Strategic opportunities exist for companies that invest in technological advancements, sustainable practices, and innovative product development. The market is expected to witness further consolidation through M&A activities, shaping the competitive landscape in the coming years. Companies that focus on meeting the demands for organic and sustainable options will benefit from increased market share and profitability.
Europe Cooking Oil Industry Segmentation
-
1. Type
- 1.1. Palm Oil
- 1.2. Soybean Oil
- 1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 1.5. Olive Oil
- 1.6. Other Types
-
2. Application
- 2.1. Food
- 2.2. Feed
- 2.3. Industrial
Europe Cooking Oil Industry Segmentation By Geography
- 1. Spain
- 2. United Kingdom
- 3. France
- 4. Germany
- 5. Russia
- 6. Italy
- 7. Rest of Europe

Europe Cooking Oil Industry REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 4.13% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Wide Applications and Functionality; Demand For Gluten-Free Products
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Easy Availability of Economically Feasible Alternatives
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Supportive Policies on Vegetable Oil Usage in the Region
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.1.1. Palm Oil
- 5.1.2. Soybean Oil
- 5.1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 5.1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 5.1.5. Olive Oil
- 5.1.6. Other Types
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 5.2.1. Food
- 5.2.2. Feed
- 5.2.3. Industrial
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. Spain
- 5.3.2. United Kingdom
- 5.3.3. France
- 5.3.4. Germany
- 5.3.5. Russia
- 5.3.6. Italy
- 5.3.7. Rest of Europe
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6. Spain Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6.1.1. Palm Oil
- 6.1.2. Soybean Oil
- 6.1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 6.1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 6.1.5. Olive Oil
- 6.1.6. Other Types
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 6.2.1. Food
- 6.2.2. Feed
- 6.2.3. Industrial
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7. United Kingdom Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7.1.1. Palm Oil
- 7.1.2. Soybean Oil
- 7.1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 7.1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 7.1.5. Olive Oil
- 7.1.6. Other Types
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 7.2.1. Food
- 7.2.2. Feed
- 7.2.3. Industrial
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8. France Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8.1.1. Palm Oil
- 8.1.2. Soybean Oil
- 8.1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 8.1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 8.1.5. Olive Oil
- 8.1.6. Other Types
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 8.2.1. Food
- 8.2.2. Feed
- 8.2.3. Industrial
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9. Germany Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9.1.1. Palm Oil
- 9.1.2. Soybean Oil
- 9.1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 9.1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 9.1.5. Olive Oil
- 9.1.6. Other Types
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 9.2.1. Food
- 9.2.2. Feed
- 9.2.3. Industrial
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 10. Russia Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 10.1.1. Palm Oil
- 10.1.2. Soybean Oil
- 10.1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 10.1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 10.1.5. Olive Oil
- 10.1.6. Other Types
- 10.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 10.2.1. Food
- 10.2.2. Feed
- 10.2.3. Industrial
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 11. Italy Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 11.1.1. Palm Oil
- 11.1.2. Soybean Oil
- 11.1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 11.1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 11.1.5. Olive Oil
- 11.1.6. Other Types
- 11.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 11.2.1. Food
- 11.2.2. Feed
- 11.2.3. Industrial
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 12. Rest of Europe Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 12.1.1. Palm Oil
- 12.1.2. Soybean Oil
- 12.1.3. Rapeseed Oil
- 12.1.4. Sunflower Oil
- 12.1.5. Olive Oil
- 12.1.6. Other Types
- 12.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 12.2.1. Food
- 12.2.2. Feed
- 12.2.3. Industrial
- 12.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 13. Germany Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14. France Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15. Italy Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 16. United Kingdom Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 17. Netherlands Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 18. Sweden Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 19. Rest of Europe Europe Cooking Oil Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 20. Competitive Analysis
- 20.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 20.2. Company Profiles
- 20.2.1 Wilmar International Limited
- 20.2.1.1. Overview
- 20.2.1.2. Products
- 20.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.2 Cargill Incorporated
- 20.2.2.1. Overview
- 20.2.2.2. Products
- 20.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.3 Demyaniakov
- 20.2.3.1. Overview
- 20.2.3.2. Products
- 20.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.4 Archer Daniels Midland Company
- 20.2.4.1. Overview
- 20.2.4.2. Products
- 20.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.5 Bunge Limited
- 20.2.5.1. Overview
- 20.2.5.2. Products
- 20.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.6 Avril Group
- 20.2.6.1. Overview
- 20.2.6.2. Products
- 20.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.7 Louis Dreyfus Company BV
- 20.2.7.1. Overview
- 20.2.7.2. Products
- 20.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.8 Olam International Limited
- 20.2.8.1. Overview
- 20.2.8.2. Products
- 20.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.9 Fuji Oil Holding Inc
- 20.2.9.1. Overview
- 20.2.9.2. Products
- 20.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.10 EFKO Group
- 20.2.10.1. Overview
- 20.2.10.2. Products
- 20.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 20.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 20.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 20.2.1 Wilmar International Limited
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Germany Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: France Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Italy Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: United Kingdom Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Netherlands Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Sweden Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Rest of Europe Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Europe Cooking Oil Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Europe Cooking Oil Industry?
The projected CAGR is approximately 4.13%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Europe Cooking Oil Industry?
Key companies in the market include Wilmar International Limited, Cargill Incorporated, Demyaniakov, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Bunge Limited, Avril Group, Louis Dreyfus Company BV, Olam International Limited, Fuji Oil Holding Inc, EFKO Group.
3. What are the main segments of the Europe Cooking Oil Industry?
The market segments include Type, Application.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 32.99 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Wide Applications and Functionality; Demand For Gluten-Free Products.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Supportive Policies on Vegetable Oil Usage in the Region.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Easy Availability of Economically Feasible Alternatives.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
In 2021, Bunge Loders Croklaan expanded its oils and fats portfolio to meet organic demand in Europe, offering a steady and scalable supply of organic oils and fats, ranging from sunflower, rapeseed, and soy to palm, shea, and coconut.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Europe Cooking Oil Industry," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Europe Cooking Oil Industry report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Europe Cooking Oil Industry?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Europe Cooking Oil Industry, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence